The automatic electronic toll collection (ETC, Electronic Toll Collection) is one of the service functions of the intelligent transportation system. It is especially suitable for use in the highway or the bridge and tunnel environment with heavy traffic. At present, the highway toll office has a dedicated ETC toll channel. As long as the car owner installs an induction card on the front windshield of the vehicle and pre-stores the fee, there is no need to manually pay the toll when passing through the toll station, and there is no need to stop. The high-speed toll will be automatically deducted from the card, that is, automatic charging can be realized. This toll system takes less than two seconds to charge for each vehicle, and the capacity of the toll channel is 5 to 10 times that of the manual toll channel. The use of a fully automatic electronic toll collection system can make highway toll collections move towards paperless and cashless management, fundamentally prevent the loss of toll fares, and solve the problem of financial management confusion in highway toll collection. In addition, the implementation of a fully automated electronic toll collection system can also save infrastructure and management costs.
This system requires an on-board device carrying vehicle information on the vehicle. When a vehicle enters the population of the non-stop electronic toll channel, the station-level device of the highway data acquisition and processing system reads the vehicle information in the on-board device, retrieves the matching vehicle data from the database, and then releases it, saves the record and uploads it to the highway data. The data management center of the collection and processing system. The data management center analyzes the passing vehicles, forms a deduction transaction and uploads it to the bank in real time, and the bank returns to the data management center in real time after completing the transaction processing.
Development status
ETC is an electronic automatic toll collection system for highways, bridges and tunnels that is being developed and promoted internationally. This technology has a long history of development abroad, and the electronic toll collection systems in many countries and regions such as the United States and Europe have been partially networked and gradually formed economies of scale. my country's road network toll collection, which uses IC cards and magnetic cards as the medium and uses manual toll collection methods, is undoubtedly also affected by this trend.
As of October 2018, the use rate of ETC in most provinces in China was sadly half, and in some provinces it was less than 30%. The main reason is that the handling procedures are cumbersome, the available scenarios are few, and the car owners are not motivated to handle the ETC business, resulting in low ETC coverage. Experts suggest that the use of ETC should be increased by enriching usage scenarios and improving convenience.
As of 15:00 on June 5, 2019, 29 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities including Hebei, Guangxi, Anhui, etc., have studied and drafted the ETC electronic non-stop toll collection system promotion and issuance plan. Hainan and Tibet are in drafting, which means the promotion of ETC. The application is moving towards full coverage.
As of December 18, 2019, the total number of ETC customers nationwide has reached 192,234,400, completing 100.72% of the total issuance target of 19,085,600. Among them, the top 3 provinces are: Jiangxi (115.82%), Guangdong (106.89%) and Jiangsu (106.61%); the bottom 3 provinces are: Heilongjiang (82.09%), Jilin (83.86%) and Guangxi (84.39%) ).
The number of new ETC customers nationwide was 5,742,500 (average of 820,400 per day), completing 375.99% of the weekly tasks. Among the 29 networked charging provinces, 12 provinces including Beijing, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hubei, Guangdong, Chongqing, Guizhou and Yunnan have completed their issuance tasks last week. According to the ranking of over-shipped cars this week, the top 3 provinces are: Guangdong (446,100), Jiangsu (377,500) and Zhejiang (359,600).
The average utilization rate of ETC on highway entrances across the country was 71.3%, an increase of 1.31 percentage points from the previous month. Among the 29 interconnected provinces, only Fujian Province reaches more than 80%. The average utilization rate of ETC for expressway export buses nationwide was 71.21%, an increase of 1.77 percentage points from the previous month. Among the 29 interconnected provinces, Fujian and Jiangsu both reached more than 80%. In addition, with regard to the reconstruction of the main lines of provincial toll stations, the total plan for the reconstruction of the main lines of highway toll stations across the country is 487, and as of December 18, all of them have been completed.
Technical Principle
The ETC system uses the vehicle automatic identification technology to complete the wireless data communication between the vehicle and the toll station, and carries out the automatic sensor identification of the vehicle and the exchange of related toll data. The computer network is used to process the toll data, so that a fully automatic electronic toll collection system can be realized without parking and without a toll window.
The ETC system performs wireless communication and information exchange between the on-board device installed on the vehicle and the antenna installed on the lane of the toll station. It is mainly composed of vehicle automatic identification system, central management system and other auxiliary facilities. Among them, the vehicle automatic identification system is composed of a vehicle-mounted unit, also known as a transponder or electronic tag, a road side unit (RSU), and a loop sensor. The identification information of the vehicle is stored in the OBU, which is generally installed on the windshield in front of the vehicle, the RSU is installed next to the toll station, and the loop sensor is installed under the ground of the lane. The central management system has a large database that stores a large number of registered vehicles and user information. When the vehicle passes through the toll gate, the loop sensor senses the vehicle, the RSU sends out an inquiry signal, the OBU responds, and conducts two-way communication and data exchange; the central management system obtains vehicle identification information, such as car ID number, vehicle type, and other information. The corresponding information in the database is compared and judged, and the management system is controlled to produce different actions according to different situations. For example, the computer toll management system deducts the toll payable from the prepayment account of the car, or sends instructions to other auxiliary facilities to work .
